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Re-etymologizing Russian cultural vocabulary in Yukaghir as mediated by the Yakut

Peter Sauli Piispanen


Seiten 222 - 249

DOI https://doi.org/10.13173/TL/2019/2/222




In this paper, a group of thirty-five Yukaghir words describing fairly recently borrowed Russian cultural vocabulary is re-etymologized. Most of these words, which are from vari¬ous Yukaghir languages and dialects, but mainly of the Tundra Yukaghir variety, have pre¬viously been given loanword etymologies as direct Russian borrowings. However, phono¬logical considerations clearly demonstrate that this is a false assumption, and it is suggested that instead all of these words have been borrowed into Yukaghir from Yakut as an inter¬mediary language. All the Yukaghir words show signs of Yakut phonology, but are ulti-mately of Russian origin, sometimes from north-eastern dialectal forms (having earlier been borrowed into Yakut). Schematically, all of these re-etymologized words can be described as: Russian > Yakut > Yukaghir. Semantically, the words describe various modern concepts covering areas such as the household, cooking, culture and society, bureaucracy and healthcare. This amply demonstrates that Yukaghirs, in particular Tundra Yukaghirs, have lived in a bi-, tri- or even more diverse multilingual environment (of Yukaghir, Yakut, Rus¬sian, etc.) at least during the last few centuries. Further, some of the Yakut words for Rus¬sian concepts have been borrowed into Ewen or Ewenki, instead of directly from Russian, which is evident from both the phonology and semantics.



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